The implications of Nimrod & the Tower of Babel on End Times Prophecy (eschatology)

*Adapted from my discussion posts for Old Testament Studies BIBL1305, King's University, Spring 2021, Professor: Dr. Eugene Chet Saunders.

*I reserve the right to change this a thousand times as I keep studying.

Nimrod and the Tower of Babel

 

Nimrod

God had given Adam (Genesis 1:29-31) and after the flood Noah (Genesis 9:1) the command to be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.

Genesis 10:8–12 cites Nimrod as the son of Cush (see also 1 Chronicles 1:10). He was a mighty hunter before YHWH. He was essentially the world’s first (post-flood) king. He established his kingdom in the land of Shinar (AKA Mesopotamia, later Babylon) and expanded the kingdom to include many areas that would become relevant to Israel’s history, including Assyria and Nineveh (see also Micah 5:6).

Nimrod was the first king of the post-flood world (Genesis 10:8-12). He created an empire of cities in the land of Shinar, with a home base in Babel. A few verses later, we see the people gathered into one place, building a tower to reach God’s divine abode and prevent themselves from being scattered (Genesis 11). Nimrod may have been involved in the building of the tower according to some Jewish Traditions.[1]

Nimrod’s name could be linked etymologically to the pre-fall chaos and rebellion[2]. Although some Jewish traditions link Nimrod to the creation of the Tower of Babel, the only textual link that can be made is the fact he established the city/kingdom[3]. Although, it does say the people who settled in Shinar built the tower, therefore, Nimrod could have been responsible.

 

The Rebellion of The Tower

As a result of this rebellion, YHWH rejected humanity and turned them over to other gods and scattered them.[4] YHWH then selected Abraham out of these same Nimrodic people (the Mesopotamians) to be his own portion, and he began building a new nation from this man.

The people of Shinar (Babylon, Mesopotamia, Nimrod’s People) deliberately chose to attempt to thwart God’s will (“lest we be scattered”, Genesis 11:4). It was this essence of wanting to replace God and thwart his will, that drives all earthly rebellions today. The push for Globalism, erasing differences (rather than appreciating them), erasing borders, and the rumors of a New World Order, all stem from this altercation in Genesis 11. Like Shinar, each people-group who attempts to gather in unity without blessing and honoring YHWH will end in defeat.

God's instruction was to multiply and fill the earth. These people gathered together to specifically prevent that from happening. As I've read the Bible in my younger days, I thought "So they built a tower, so what?" Then you read the text and history and it makes sense. Hill and Walton discuss the background of these people as being the ancient societies of Mesopotamia.[5] This cultural context is important because it sets the stage for the background Abraham came out of. The traditions, history, and culture of Mesopotamia all influenced him. In Lost World of Genesis One, John Walton uses the stories and manuscripts available from these sister societies to show the mindset of someone like Abraham, and how Moses (writing the story) could have understood certain things.[6]

Ultimately, God wanted people to be multiply and fill. When they refused, he gave them incentive.

Abram (Abraham) responded in simple believing loyalty to YHWH, and that obedience allowed him to become the father of Faith. The record shows that one does not need to be perfect, one only needs to keep believing YHWH no matter what. It is that spirit of Faith for which Hebrews 11 praises him. He was told that his seed would inherit the nations, and indeed, his seed (Jesus) did exactly that.

 

Nimrodian / Babylonian Kingdoms vs YHWH’s Kingdom in 2021 and beyond

As I see it today, Jesus ushered in the Rock Kingdom as prophesied in Daniel 2, and the 70-7's were fulfilled in Jesus' ministry and Acts, closing the chapter on the 70-7's at the vision of Cornelius. Matthew 24 was fulfilled in its entirety in 70AD.[7]

There are only a few things left on God's prophetic calendar.

• ·         The Rock Kingdom (Daniel 2): The Kingdom of God will continue to fill the whole earth, growing, never shrinking. At this point, we are seeing the rock that smashed all others and grows until it fills the earth. When people decry the shrinking of "evangelicals in America", they lack the larger picture. On Earth, The Church will only continue to grow with each passing year.

• ·         Jesus Return: prophetically, we are waiting for Jesus to return and set up his kingdom. We will meet him in the air, as a people meets their returning king, and usher Him home.. At this time, we receive our glorified bodies.

• ·         The Judgement Seat: Where people are separated into their eternal destinies based on only one question: Believing Loyalty to YHWH as defined in his Son. "I never knew you" vs "Welcome Home".

• ·         The (Re)New Heavens/Earth // New Jerusalem: The final act is to fulfill El Elyon's original plan, united Heaven and Earth again for the first time since Eden was closed.

 

That being said, what I see is the continued drive in the non-saved people to build their Babylonian Kingdom and Tower without YHWH. They did it in early Babylon, and history is full of would-be global leaders. From Nebuchadnezzar to Hitler to Stalin to Mao, each is destined to fail at their tower building, just as the people of Nimrod were. Nevertheless, the world's system will keep calling for Globalism and the New World Order.

Won't they be surprised when it actually comes!

As with Abraham/Israel, as with Jesus' first arrival, YHWH has a plan that will twist man's plan on its head. Some of mankind will keep trying to build their Babylonian systems without YHWH, proclaiming "God is dead!" and "all religions are equal" and "all paths lead to God".

Meanwhile, The Kingdom of God will continue to grow and fill the earth (despite them). God will continue to smack would-be Nimrods back down as they arise.

Then when the time is right, Yeshua himself, The King of Kings, will arrive to usher in the one and only true global kingdom, and every knee will bow.

*I reserve the right to change this a thousand times as I keep studying.

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[1] The Lexham Bible Dictionary - Barry, J. D., Bomar, D., Brown, D. R., Klippenstein, R., Mangum, D., Sinclair Wolcott, C., … Widder, W. (Eds.). (2016). In The Lexham Bible Dictionary. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press. (Billingham, WA: Leham Press, 2016), NIMROD, SON OF CUSH, LexhamPress.com.

[2] Lexham Bible Dictionary. Section: NIMROD, SON OF CUSH: Quote “ Etymology - The etymology and the meaning of Nimrod’s name are uncertain (BDB, “נִמְרֹד, nimrod.”). The name is often connected to the Hebrew verb “to rebel” (מָרַד, marad) and to the narrative of the tower of Babel (Wenham, Genesis 1–15, 222). Nimrod is characterized as the first of the “mighty on earth” (גִּבֹּ֖ר בָּאָֽרֶץ, gibbor ba'arets) (compare Gen 6:4, where the plural form of גִּבּוֹר, gibbor; is used). The word גִּבּוֹר (gibbor) in the Nimrod pericope (Gen 10:8–12) may convey “the idea of violent, tyrannical power” (Skinner, Genesis, 207). If this interpretation is correct, as the text and the intertextual link with Gen 6:4 seem to suggest, it follows that Nimrod’s power and success were founded in violent, tyrannical rule and not a gradual spread in the population (Mathews, Genesis 1–11:26, 448).”

 [3] Lexham Bible Dictionary, NIMROD, SON OF CUSH. Quote: “ Nimrod in Jewish Tradition – The interpretation of the figure of Nimrod in Jewish tradition is overwhelmingly negative. According to Philo of Alexandria, Nimrod’s ancestors epitomize “evil and spiritual unproductiveness,” which can only result in giants (van der Horst, “Nimrod after the Bible,” 221–22). Later in the Jewish legends (Hag. 13a; Pesahim 94b) Nimrod is described as the archetypal evil king who made all the people rebel against God (Hamilton, Genesis, 338). He is also noted as the builder of the tower of Babel and the enemy of Abraham (Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews, 175–81). Furthermore, the lexical links shared among Gen 6:4, 10:8–12, 11:1–9—namely the key words “giant,” “Shinar,” and “Babel”—”suggested to the early haggadists that Nimrod might have been one of the giants of Genesis 6” (van der Horst, Nimrod after the Bible, 222).”

[4] Michael S. Heiser, The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible, First edition (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015). Chapter 14 Divine Allotment

[5] Andrew E. Hill and John H. Walton, A Survey of the Old Testament, 3rd ed (Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan Publishing House, 2009). Pages 79-82

[6] John H Walton, The Lost World of Genesis One: Ancient Cosmology and the Origins Debate. (Westmont: InterVarsity Press, 2010), https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=2030851.

[7] Jonathan Welton, Raptureless, 3rd Edition Printing (Place of publication not identified: Bookbaby, 2015), http://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4188734. Credit this book for introducing me to a new eschatological perspective.

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Darrell Wolfe (DG Wolfe)

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What is Torah?

This was worth sharing... thoughts from class this week. 

 

Reading Response:

Spangler, Tverberg Ch. 10-12

Darrell Wolfe

Literature, The King’s University

Life of Jesus (BIBL-2302)

Professor Jason Moraff

Week Five Reading Response – 11/22/2020

 

Summary

In Chapter 10, At Table with the Rabbi, we find the significance of food, hospitality, and what it meant to be at table with someone. For a middle eastern culture, to have someone as a guest was an honor. The responsibility was taken seriously, even to the point of being responsible for your guests’ safety (which makes more sense of why Job would offer his daughters to the men of the city rather than his guests). We can also see in this practice more sense of Jesus’ command to his disciples to take nothing for the journey and stay with whomever would have them. This also sheds new light on Psalms 23, a table before my enemies. The table and breaking bread were also a sign of peace, and peace treaties. It was, especially at Shabbat, a time to slow down and take inventory of God’s goodness and enjoy fellowship. 

In Chapter 11, Touching the Rabbi’s Fringe, the authors discuss the relevance and significance of “The Law”. Many moderns, especially Christians, see the books of Moses (Gen-Deut) as fry religious rules, impossible to carry out. In fact, Torah is not most accurately translated “The Law” it is translated better as “Teachings” or “Instructions”. These are not rules to be carried out to earn God’s favor, but a series of Instructions to live out of the favor already existent on you as one of God’s chosen people. Breaking this down further, they looked at the rule about wearing Tassels and developed multiple layers of meaning to the practice. When the woman with the issue of blood touched Jesus’ Hem/Tassels, she was making a demand on his authority. Rather than him being made impure by her, his purity ran through her making her pure. The Torah was God’s call to live holy and separate lives. We see through Torah, as compared to contemporary laws such as Hammurabi, that God’s laws were more just, and more focused on the weak and “less than”. Rather than unbearable laws, we see grace and respect for life through each one. Even “an eye for an eye” is a maxim, not be taken literally, ensuring that the vengeance would not be an eye for a life.

In Chapter 12, Jesus and the Torah, we see a new image of Jesus as Rabbi. His debates with the fellow Rabbis of his day were not full rebukes of tradition. Rather, he used tradition, Rabbinic styles of communication, and employed techniques such as “building a fence around the Torah” in his communication style. Surprisingly, when understood in context, Jesus did not say he was fulfilling the law in the sense that he was doing away with it because it was over. Rather, he was fulfilling the law in the sense that he was bringing light to its original intent and meaning, bringing us a more authentic way to live Torah. Without understanding Rabbinic idioms, styles, techniques, and culture, Western Christians miss the subtlety and often the meaning of Jesus’ words. The authors state: “Jesus must have thought the Pharisees close enough to the truth to want to correct their errors. Why else would he have engaged them in debate?” [1]. Knowing this, we can see Jesus’ “Instructions” (Jesus’ Torah) as giving us opportunity to live not to the bare minimum (what is the way we make sure not to break the law?) but I a maximum way (how far can we go in loving our neighbor?). Also, with this in mind, Salvation is barely a first step. Western Christians place such an emphasis on “getting people saved” and then we leave them to figure it out with a few instructions to follow on a pamphlet. Rather, we should be inviting them into a life of discipleship (human to human, not just human to God); which by necessity includes community.

Reflection

It is sad that we do not “eat together” anymore. Not only is this missing in the culture at large, but in my own household. Even when my late wife was alive, we often ate around the television. It was a shared experience, but not one that invited much relationship building. Since she passed, the stilted sadness of the household lingers. We smile, laugh, often watch something together. But the bantering died for a long time. Recently though, it has begun to return. As we began joining our lives with another family with quite a different style, we find ourselves eating food with no screen in sight, talking and laughing and telling stories. Possibly for the first time in my life, I am seeing the benefit of a shared experience of community eating. The theme of these three chapters in my mind was “Building Awareness”. The constant in the subject of food, a new way to see Torah, and a new way to see Jesus interacting with Torah was a drumbeat of awareness around God’s heart for people. My Libertarian bent has me thinking mostly about being “left alone”. I moved out of the city into the country where I am left alone. Nobody ever knocks, there are few cars passing by, and I am left to my own ways. However, in that isolation is no community. I became painfully aware of this when I broke both legs and couldn’t even get down the steps to the gravel driveway to get into the car. Nobody delivers here, no Uber Eats or Grub Hub. Friends came to build a scary looking wheelchair ramp, but then the wheels would get caught on the driveway gravel. Another set of friends gave me a plywood base to land on and maneuver. Another friend picked up groceries I ordered but could not drive to get. My mom moved in for weeks and helped us transition.  Suddenly, my “leave me alone” did not feel like a blessing but a curse. I have been rethinking the need for deeper connection to community, breaking bread with others, discipleship, and making a point of using my talents to help others. Rather than waiting for someone to ask me to walk a mile, maybe I could start offering to do so.

 

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[1] Ann Spangler and Lois Tverberg, Sitting at the Feet of Rabbi Jesus: How the Jewishness of Jesus Can Transform Your Faith, Updated edition (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2018).

Follow Up Discussion: 

How do you understand the relationship between Torah (the Law), the Jewish people, Jesus, and the Gospels? 

First, Torah is not "law" as we understand it today. Torah was not a rigid set of rules under which people struggled; rather, it was a set of "instructions" for people who were already in covenant relationship with God to walk that relationship out in real life. 

Second, Jesus was a Rabbi of the Torah in much the same way the other Rabbis of his day were. He used many of the same maxims and idioms, styles of communication, and Rabbinic techniques. What was different about Jesus was twofold: 

1. Jesus did not see the Torah as Minimalist: "if we do at least this, we're safe". Jesus saw Torah as Maximist: "Love your neighbor, what's the most you can do to love them?" As such, Rabbi Hillel would say "Don't steal" but Rabbi Jesus would say "Look around to see who's worse off than you and find a way to help." (Spangler/Tverberg Pg.183)
2. While other Rabbis were building a fence around Torah in a fearful attempt not to violate it because "who could know the mind of God?"; Jesus was the author Torah Himself, so he came offering God's own heart on the very instructions he originally gave.

What do you think is at stake in discussing Jesus and the Torah? 

If we understand Torah for what it really was/is and Jesus' relationship to it, we run a far greater chance of having correct interpretation and a far lesser risk of being in error. In essence, we can live closer to God's heart for his people by understanding this relationship.

How does this discussion affect how you understand the relationship between the Tanakh/Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as Jesus' relationship to the Jewish people?

This makes me want to read Gen to Rev all over again with a new eye for how they correlate. Especially knowing how often Jesus used the technique of quoting part of scripture to force the haverim to go find the rest of his meaning; I would like to restudy all the Gospels more slowly, taking a look at every single cross-reference, soaking in the possible hidden meanings that have eluded me all these years. 

I have always asserted, but apparently never lived out myself, that we are essentially Jewish. We, Gentile Christians, were grafted INTO Israel and not out of it. To the degree we remain disconnected from our family heritage, we remain incomplete in our understanding of what it means to follow the God of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, David, Jesus, and Darrell. 

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Shalom: Live Long and Prosper!

Darrell Wolfe (DG Wolfe)

Storyteller | Writer | Thinker | Consultant @ DarrellWolfe.com

Clifton StrengthsFinder: Intellection, Learner, Ideation, Achiever, Input
16Personalities (Myers-Briggs Type): INFJ

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